Prepositional Pronouns

Complete reference table for Irish prepositional pronouns (conjugated prepositions): ag (agam, agat), ar (orm, ort), le (liom, leat), do (dom, duit), de, ó, chuig, and more.

Prepositions Pronouns Grammar Reference Prepositional Pronouns In Irish Irish Prepositional Pronouns Conjugated Prepositions Agam Agat Aige

In Irish, prepositions like ‘at’ (ag) or ‘on’ (ar) merge with personal pronouns like ‘me’ or ‘you’ to form a single word. These combined forms are known as prepositional pronouns or, more technically, conjugated prepositions (réamhfhocail réimnithe). This is a core feature of Irish grammar, and you will encounter these forms in almost every sentence.

Reference Table

The table below provides a comprehensive reference for the most common prepositional pronouns. Note that some prepositions, like idir, only conjugate in the plural forms.

Preposition	1sg (I)	2sg (you)	3sg (he)	3sg (she)	1pl (we)	2pl (you)	3pl (they)
`ag` (at)	`agam`	`agat`	`aige`	`aici`	`againn`	`agaibh`	`acu`
`ar` (on)	`orm`	`ort`	`air`	`uirthi`	`orainn`	`oraibh`	`orthu`
`as` (out of)	`asam`	`asat`	`as`	`aisti`	`asainn`	`asaibh`	`astu`
`chuig` (to)	`chugam`	`chugat`	`chuige`	`chuici`	`chugainn`	`chugaibh`	`chucu`
`de` (of, from)	`díom`	`díot`	`de`	`di`	`dínn`	`díbh`	`díobh`
`do` (to, for)	`dom`	`duit`	`dó`	`dí`	`dúinn`	`daoibh`	`dóibh`
`faoi` (under)	`fúm`	`fút`	`faoi`	`fúithi`	`fúinn`	`fúibh`	`fúthu`
`fara` (beside)	`faram`	`farat`	`fairis`	`farae`	`farainn`	`faraibh`	`faru`
`i` (in)	`ionam`	`ionat`	`ann`	`inti`	`ionainn`	`ionaibh`	`iontu`
`idir` (between)	`idir mé`	`idir thú`	`idir é`	`idir í`	`eadrainn`	`eadraibh`	`eatarthu`
`ionsar` (towards)	`ionsorm`	`ionsort`	`ionsair`	`ionsuirthi`	`ionsorainn`	`ionsoraibh`	`ionsorthu`
`le` (with)	`liom`	`leat`	`leis`	`léi`	`linn`	`libh`	`leo`
`ó` (from)	`uaim`	`uait`	`uaidh`	`uaithi`	`uainn`	`uaibh`	`uathu`
`roimh` (before)	`romham`	`romhat`	`roimhe`	`roimpi`	`romhainn`	`romhaibh`	`rompu`
`thar` (over, past)	`tharam`	`tharat`	`thairis`	`thairti`	`tharainn`	`tharaibh`	`thartu`
`trí` (through)	`tríom`	`tríot`	`tríd`	`tríthi`	`trínn`	`tríbh`	`tríothu`
`um` (around)	`umam`	`umat`	`uime`	`uimpi`	`umainn`	`umaibh`	`umpu`

Common Patterns

While the forms for the third person vary, there are consistent endings for the first and second persons, which can help you learn them more quickly.

1st person singular (I) forms always end in -m.
2nd person singular (you) forms always end in -t.
1st person plural (we) forms always end in -inn or -ainn.
2nd person plural (you) forms always end in -ibh or -aibh.

The third person forms are more irregular because they derive from older dative and accusative case forms of the pronouns.

Dialect and Historical Notes

You may encounter variations in spelling and pronunciation in different dialects or older texts.

Some forms found in older literature are now obsolete but are useful to recognise.

Historical forms and spellings

The preposition idir (“between”) used to have conjugated singular forms like eadram (for idir mé) and eadrat (for idir thú), which are no longer in common use.

Other prepositions that are now rare or obsolete also had conjugated forms, such as seach (“past”), which gave seacham, seachat, etc., and uas/os (“over”), which gave uasam, uasat, etc.

The 3rd person plural ending was also commonly spelt with -a instead of -u in the past (e.g., aca instead of acu, ortha instead of orthu).